An abdominal aortic sonogram (ultrasound) test can help diagnose an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which is an enlargement of this major blood vessel. During this painless, non-invasive (the skin is not pierced) exam, ultrasound waves are used to visualize the portion of your aorta in the abdomen where many aneurysms can occur. The aorta can be measured to see if it’s enlarged or not.